Archive for April, 2010
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The poor performance of African economies and economies where the people are of colour other than whites have prompted people to ask whether poverty is a black or a colour thing.
This question about poverty being a black thing has gained credence in many circles. This question is also asked about Africa because it is the poorest continent on earth. It is a continent where for 30 years there has not been any concrete economic development compared to the rest of the world. It lags behind all the other continents in terms of economic and social development. Most if not all the countries African continent have similar economic problems namely high unemployment, high inflation, higher deficits, poor state of economic and social infrastructures including roads, harbours, education, airports, telecommunication, health and sanitation and rail system. Africa is a continent where people die for lack of food, water, and against common preventable diseases. It is a continent full of misery, desperation and hopelessness. It is a continent where very few children under the age of five survive the menace of the six killer diseases. It is a continent where people have no access to basic necessities of life. It is a continent where people walk several miles for water and children have no access to education and medical services. It is a continent where rural life is nothing but a condemnation to abject poverty. It is a place where people live in mud/thatched houses with bamboo/raffia leaves as roofing sheets. It is a continent full of wars and armed conflicts. It is a continent of dictators and kleptocrats, a continent where corruption is rewarded and achievement is shunned, a continent where entry into public life/service is seen as a means to acquiring wealth and a means of getting top positions. It is a continent where life expectancy is low and corruption very high.
So is it a colour or race thing? I must say that I do not agree or subscribe to the notion that poverty has any colour inferring in it and that the underdevelopment and impoverishment which is prevalent on the African continent is deeply rooted in centuries of slavery and colonialism, coups, armed conflicts, brain drain, endemic corruption and mismanagement, dictatorial rule, Kleptocracy, foreign interventions and the fight for control of the natural resources.
Slavery and Colonialism
Centuries of slavery and colonialism deprived the continent of her able human and economic resources. The able men and women were carried away to work in the plantations of the Americas (in all about 30 – 40 million people) and they helped to make America and Europe what they are today. Millions of young Africans were forced to abandon the continent of their origin and were transported several thousands of miles away unto a land where they had no historical attachment with. They travelled in very deplorable conditions, without adequate food, water and air. When they reached the so called new worlds they were made to work from morning till sun set the only time they had on their own was Sundays in which they had to everything that they needed on their own such planting their crops, repairing their homes. It was a very nasty experience having to work for ours without pay. Some even worked till they dropped dead. The slave trade deprived the continent of her energetic men and women a vital resource in any development process and sunk the continent into intellectual wilderness.
Looting of Resources
About the same time that slavery was being vigorously pursued, the natural resources including timber, gold, diamond, tin ore, ivory and many more were looted in large quantities by the European countries namely Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain and Italy. After slavery was abolished the looting of the natural resources continued. The irony is that virtually all the income from these resources was used to finance the economic and the infrastructural development of the European countries with little or nothing at all being used to develop the various countries where these resources came from. A clear example is the case of Democratic Republic of Congo where King Leopold II of Belgium enslaved the Africans, forced them to work without pay, killed about 10 million and looted the country of her resources and virtually nothing was used to invest in the country except guns which the Belgium army used to terrorise and kill the Africans. When the DRC was transferred from Leopold II to the Belgium state the looting and killing continued till DRC gained her independence in the 1960s. In fact DRC (Congo Free State) was the main supplier of rubber a vital raw material for the tyre industry and all the money from the sale of the rubber went to Belgium. King Leopold II was able to transform Belgium as one of the poorest countries in Europe into one of the wealthiest courtesy the enslavement and looting of Africans and their resources.
Belgium was not alone in what she did to the continent. Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Germany and Italy all looted Africa of her gold, diamond, ivory, timber, cobalt, coltan, tin ore, bauxite, manganese and all the minerals you can think of. The Africans who resisted the illegal activities were killed in their millions as happened in South West Africa (now Namibia) where the Germans in 1904 to 1907 committed the first genocide of the 20th Century by killing the Herero and the Namaqua people. While Europe became richer Africa became poorer and the trend continued till the 1950s when the African countries started to gain their ‘independence’ beginning with Libya in 1951, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia all in 1956 and Ghana in 1957.
With little or no investment in the continent the various post colonial governments inherited countries with practically no infrastructure: roads, rails, harbours, telecommunications, education, health and sanitation and airports. The only areas which saw some few infrastructure investments during the colonial days were those where raw materials were heavily extracted. The attainment of independence did not come on silver Plata. Algeria, Zimbabwe, Angola, Kenya, Namibia and to some extent South Africa all attained their independence from their colonial masters through arm struggles and in most cases the few infrastructures that existed were destroyed due to the conflicts.
Foreign Involvement
As if slavery, colonialism and the looting of the continent’s resources were not enough the continent became a battle ground during the Cold War as the two super powers and their allies battled for influence and control on the continent mainly for her resources. As a result many African governments who were deem to be pro-Russia or America were overthrown using the military. A case in point was the overthrow of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana on February 24th, 1966. Another example is the overthrow and assassination of Patrice Lumumba of Congo on January 17th 1961.Other leaders such as Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for either advocating for independence or improvement of conditions of Africans. CIA and the western intelligence community have been implicated for engineering the assassinations and overthrow of elected leaders of Africa. For example Larry Devlin, the CIA Station Chief in Congo during Patrice Lumumba’s days spoke to Washington Post in December 2008 saying he refused an order to assassinate Patrice Lumumba but his refusal did not stop the CIA and the Belgium government from overthrowing and assassinating him. The assassination attempt on Gamal Nasser of Egypt on 24th October 1954 and the assassination of President Anwar Sadat in 1981 were alleged to be the work of Britain’s M16 due to their refusal to hand over the administration of the Suez Canal to the British.
The CIA, KGB and their allies encouraged and financed wars and political instabilities throughout the continent. Angola became the battle ground for the CIA, KGB and the Chinese as each tried to gain control over the country, her people and resources. The civil war that engulfed Angola in 1975 only ended in 1991 after 26 years of conflict. When the war ended the few infrastructures that remained after the war of independence (1961-1974) were gone.
On March 7, 2004 Simon Mann a British citizen, a veteran mercenary and former officer of Britain’s elite Special Forces (SAS), and 69 other mercenaries were arrested at a military airfield outside Harare, Zimbabwe .Their destination was Equatorial Guinea in West Africa. Their mission was to overthrow Teodoro Obiang Nguema, president of oil-rich Equatorial Guinea, a nation of 600,000 people. During his defence he mentioned some powerful members of the British establishment as his financiers and backers including Jack Straw UK Justice Minister, Peter Mandelson former European Union Trade Commissioner and now Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise &Regulatory Reform, Sir Mark Thatcher a businessman and son of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, Jeffrey Archer a key Tory member who was convicted for perjury and Ely Smelly Calil a Lebanese oil trader accused of bankrolling the plot. Mark Thatcher was arrested in South Africa and charged with supplying the aircraft that carried Simon Mann to Harare. Mr. Thatcher pleaded guilty in South Africa and was later made to pay 300,000 pounds in exchange for a prison sentence. The coup plotters were to put Severo Moto, an opposition leader living in Spain in charge of the country. The coup was to give both the plotters and their backers unquestionable free access to the oil resource in the nation. If the coup had succeeded Mann and his cronies would have turned Equatorial Guinea into one of the usual sad stories in Africa- bloodshed, corruption, mismanagement, poverty and what have you. The governments of Spain, South Africa and others in the west were seriously implicated for being privy to the plot. Thanks to the vigilance of the Robert Mugabe regime the coup was nip in the bud. Unfortunately, most resource rich countries on the continent have not been all that lucky.
Among those mercenaries who sought to return Africa to their former colonial masters was Bob Denard. In fact, Simon Mann is just a small fish compared to Bob Denard, a French who made a career as a mercenary overthrowing leaders in Africa. When Bob Denard died in 2007, he had more than a dozen of coups to his credit. Four of those coups took place in Comoros Island alone. French author Jean Guisner, who has followed Denard’s career and written extensively about the French government, says Denard did nothing that was contrary to French interests – and he allegedly acted in close cooperation with intelligence services. Denard’s mercenary career took place between the 1950s and the 1980s. During that period, he is reported to have been involved in post independence Nigeria, Benin in 1977, Angola, Zaire – now DRC and the former Rhodesia – which is now Zimbabwe. Registering their frustration and lack of justice for the Comorians, Mr. Abdou Soule Elbak, former president of Grande Comoro said “This man sullied our history”, referring to Denard. “I regret he was not made to answer to all the crimes he committed in our country, the murders and the torture which he was guilty of,” said Moustoifa Said Sheikh, leader of the Democratic Front Party. All these mercenary activities took place on the continent because of the natural resources.
The product of all these were the political instabilities and the wanting destruction of lives and property that have bedevilled Africa till today. As the elected leaders of the continent were assassinated, overthrown and subjected to all forms of cold war tactics including bribery, arm twisting and blackmail the continent degenerated and faulted on all aspects of human endeavour. The new crop of leaders who replaced the post colonial independence leaders and who were largely puppets of the European and American governments became increasingly authoritarian and corrupt. Joseph Mobutu Sese Seko who became the choice of the Americans after they help to assassinate Lumumba ruled Congo for 32 years and in those years the country became poorer as Mobutu and his cronies got richer and the western countries notably USA and her allies had free hand looting the mineral resources most importantly cobalt a very important mineral needed for missile development. Little development activities was carried out by Mobutu. As a result Congo today can only be accessed by boats and canoes mainly through the River Congo.
As tyrants and dictators gained the support of western governments and did whatever they wanted with their economies without questions their people became poorer and hopelessness and desperation were the hallmarks of their lives. As the little money that came into government coffers were taken by corrupt government officials and civil servants there were almost no money to carry out infrastructural development and the poverty deepened. Poverty, desperation and hopelessness visited the people and coupled with their inability to change their leaders democratically, dissents were sowed among the population which serve as breeding grounds for more coups, civil wars and civil disturbances. This was evidence in Ghana, Nigeria, Niger, Ivory Coast, The Gambia, Liberia, Mauritania, Algeria, Gabon, Togo, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Central Africa Republic, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda and Sierra Leone all experienced coups in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and even in the early 1990s. These waves of coups were followed by civil wars that hit Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Congo, Chad, CAR, Somalia, Uganda, Sudan, Angola, Niger and Guinea. These wars apart from it human cost also contributed to the destruction of roads, harbours, airports, rail lines, telecommunications, hospitals, schools and the livelihoods of the people. With the absence of infrastructures the countries have been unable to make any headway in terms of economic development.
World Bank, IMF & the Role of Foreign Corporations
The World Bank and the IMF (Bretton Wood Institutions) and foreign companies have also played their part in making poverty endemic on the continent. Most African countries incurred billions of debt through loans contracted from the Bank and IMF. Most of these conditional loans were used to service debts already owned by these poor countries. The loans were also used to pay foreign expatriates who came to the continent as ‘technical experts’.
Some of these loans were also used to undertake projects and programmes that benefited only the rich. Again part of the loan was also siphoned away by corrupt politicians and civil servants.
The structural adjustment programme (SAP) forced on the poor African countries by the Bank and the IMF forced the various governments to abandon their support for the public sector with serious consequences. The withdrawal of farm subsidies in particular has made it difficult for farmers to compete with their Western counterparts who receive millions of dollars of government subsidies every year. The unrests and disturbances over food shortage and high food prices that occurred in Egypt, Haiti, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mauritania, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Somalia and Sierra Leone in 2008 were the direct result of the Bank and IMF bitter pills prescribed to these poor countries.
Due to SAP and other policies of the Bank and IMF investment in education, health, transportation and other sectors of the economy declined considerably. The governments were also forced to privatise state owned companies. The sad aspect of this exercise was that almost all the companies went to foreigners and the proceeds used to settle debts already owned by these poor nations. Unable to pay their debts and more cash trapped these poor countries turned to the bank and IMF for more loans and the Bank response was open up your markets for foreign goods and accept globalisation. As a result the continent has become a dumping ground for foreign goods. Unable to compete with the influx of cheap foreign goods most local firms have no choice but to close down, laying off several millions of workers and devastating many families. Mr. John Jenkins the author of the ‘Confessions of an Economic Hit Man’ has written extensively about how the Bank, IMF and the various big cartels and corporations conspired to keep Africans and the developing world in the state in which they are today. Please watch John Jenkins on youtube as he tells his extraordinary story on youtube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTbdnNgqfs8
The presence of companies such as Shell, Mobil, Chevron, BP, Total, Rio Tinto, Texaco, BHP Billiton, Anglo-American and others have contributed to the high poverty levels on the continent. These companies who are mostly resource extraction in nature have destroyed the once rich soils of Africa, forcing many farmers to abandon their farms and loosing their livelihoods. Rivers, wells and streams used by the people for their everyday activities such as washing and drinking have been polluted by these profit making companies. Fishing in most mining and oil drilling communities has ceased as pollution has killed fish stocks in these rivers and lagoons rendering the fishermen unemployed. Communities which were once beaming with life are now ghost communities as land, rivers, lagoons and wells have been destroyed. Respiration, nausea and other mining related diseases are on the increase in many communities where mining and oil drilling are taking place but these profit making companies have abandon their corporate social responsibilities which they owe to the people. In August 2006 a Dutch company called Trafigura dumped highly toxic waste in Abidjan, Ivory Coast killing 17 people and sickening thousands. Such inhumane acts byTrafigura is just a tip of the iceberg.
Brain Drain
The poverty on the continent has also come about as result of serious brain drain that has hit the continent in recent times. The flight of doctors, engineers, architects, lawyers, judges, bankers, accountants, teachers, nurses, planners, agricultural experts and others have limited our ability to implement development projects and programmes. The flight of these intellectuals has rendered many government agencies very weak. In some communities there are hospitals without doctors and nurses. In others there are universities and colleges without lecturers and teachers. Countries like Malawi, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Ghana, and Liberia have lost so much of their professionals to the very rich countries of Europe and America so much so that many of their sectors have resorted to hiring foreign expertise in order to cope. For example there are more Malawi doctors in Manchester City alone than the whole of Malawi combined. The irony is that governments use scarce resources to train these intellectuals only for them to leave the country for greener pastures abroad. Britain and the US are major recipient of these brain drain and even though they are aware of the tremendous negative effect it is having on these poor developing countries, they have done nothing to discourage it, in most cases they have encouraged it.
Corruption and Mismanagement
Corruption is another cancer that has tragically made the continent very poor. From South Africa to Egypt there is no country where corruption is not endemic. According to the Africa Union (AU) around $148 billion are stolen from the continent by its leaders and civil servants. In 2006 Forbes’ list of most corrupt nations had 9 out of the first 16 countries coming from Africa. Since oil was first discovered in Nigeria about 50 years ago, several billions of dollars have been realised from its but today the whole population continue to live in abject poverty and the country has nothing to show for it. As a result able men and women are battling dangerous seas just to enter Europe and try their luck. Others have resulted to 419 a popular scam used to trick people into given out their money and valuables. Those who seem to have benefited from the oil are corrupt politicians, civil servants and the big oil corporations such as Shell, Mobil, BP and their American counterparts. In fact Nigeria has consistently featured in the top 1% of the most corrupt nation on the planet. Between 2005 and 2007 several state governors and their immediate families were arrested by Scotlandyard in London on corruption and money laundering charges. Among them are James Ibori of oil rich Delta State and his wife Theresa who had their 35 million dollar asset frozen by the English court. Mr. Ibori earns about a thousand dollars a month but during his eight years as a state governor he managed to acquire wealth to the tune of $35m and was a key financial contributor to the campaign of the current president of Nigeria. He owns a private jet and lavish London home. Another corrupt governor is Diepreye Alamieyeseigha, governor of oil-rich state of Bayelsa who was also arrested in London for money laundering charges. Mr. Alamieyeseigha broke his bail conditions and evaded capture in Britain by dressing up as a woman. When Police conducted a search in his London home they discovered one million pounds worth of cash in his home. Another governor who was arrested in England was Joshua Dariye of Plateau State. He was arrested in a London hotel for stealing money meant for development of his state. In South Africa Jacob Zuma is still battling it out with the court for his part in the multi-billion arms deal in 2001 in South Africa. He was forced to resign as Deputy President of South Africa. The late Mobutu in his 32 years as President of Zaire, now DR Congo amassed several billions of dollars belonging to the Congo people. In 2006 former president of Malawi Bakili Muluzi was arrested for pocketing $12m donated to his poor country by foreign governments. Again former Zambia president Frederick Chiluba was arrested together with two business men Aaron Chungu and Faustin Kabwe and charged with 11 counts of stealing money meant for the Zambia’s development. In Equatorial Guinea where oil export has earned the country billions of dollars, the 600,000 people living in the country continue to live in poverty while Teodoro Obiang Nguema and his cronies continue to siphon the oil revenue with no accountability. Gabon and Angola both Oil exporting countries are no different. In fact, the governments in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea can best be described as Kleptocracy that is government by thieves. In countries such as Nigeria, Egypt, Cameroon, The Gambia, Sudan, Uganda, Libya, Tunisia a Kleptocracy class of people have replaced anything democracy. In these countries very few people continue to remain in power and the people have no say in the way their country is govern or run. For example Gaddafi of Libya has been in power for 39 years now. Omar Bongo of Gabon 31 years, Teodoro Obiang Nguema of Equatorial Guinea 28 years, Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe 28 years, Hosni Mubarak of Egypt 27 years, Paul Biya of Cameroon 26 years, Yoweri Museveni of Uganda 22 years, Omar Al Bashir of Sudan 19 years, Iddriss Derby of Chad 17 years, Yahya Jammeh of Gambia 14 years, and the list is unending. What is clear is that these unelected leaders continue to amass wealth at the expense of their poor countries and continue to mismanage whatever remains of their corrupt acts. Because most of the leaders are former military officers or former rebels with no grasp of economics and management, they are unable to formulate any good economic policies that will make their economies grow hence poverty has become a part of the people but their leaders know not what poverty is. A visit to the Niger Delta region of Nigeria shows that majority of the people are unemployed. Years of oil spills have made the soil unfit for any agricultural activity. Their streams and wells are polluted and the people have no access to basic necessities of life even though billions of dollars is realised from the sale of oil from that region every year. In the 1990s economic hardship, abject poverty, and destruction of the environment forced the people of Ogoniland to demand a say in which Shell operates but the military regime led by Gen. Sani Abacha arrested the environmentalists led by Ken Sorowiwa and executed them. It is these monies meant for the development of the states that these state governors were caught trying to bank away in Europe. Every effort to get the Nigeria government to develop the oil rich areas fell on death ears until the unemployed youth took up arms against the federal state. They kidnapped foreign oil workers and demanded ransom before their victims were released. They disrupted the oil production forcing the oil companies to move several miles offshore for their own safety but they were not safe either. Eventually, the companies had to reduce their output by 25% in 2007-8. These disruptions affected supply of oil in the world market forcing the price to skyrocket to $140 a barrel in the summer of 2008.
In DR Congo it is estimated that gold and diamond deposits alone could fetch the country 23 trillion dollars not to mention the abundance of timber and other several minerals that are found in large quantities such as columbo-tantalite (coltan) and cassiterite (tin ore) yet years of corruption, mismanagement, conflicts and foreign involvement have made this resource rich nation one of the poorest in the world. Coltan for example is used in every mobile phone and a number of electronic devices in the world. Cassiterite used in electronic circuit boards is the most traded metal on the London Stock Exchange. It is often said that western nations cannot maintain their current level of lifestyle without Congo and most corporations in the west can easily go bust without Congo. The question is if Congo is the blood line of the west and the west is rich because of Congo then why is Congo so poor? And where are the billions of dollars from the sale of these minerals? The answer lies in the history of the nation which is corruption, slavery, colonialism, assassinations, armed conflicts and foreign involvements. Since her independence from Belgium in 1960 there has not been peace in the country. Several millions of Congolese have died about 4 million of them in the last eight years alone and most of the dead are civilians. The conflict in Congo is largely about who controls the vast resources in he country. The huge size of the country has made its administration very difficult. And the problem is exacerbated by weak, ill-trained, undisciplined and very corrupt Congolese army who abduct, terrorise, rape and murder the people instead of protecting them.
The various militia groups operating in the east of the country have made life very difficult and unbearable for the civilian population. These armed groups with backing from Rwanda and Uganda have largely operated in the region with impunity – abducting, raping, massacring and stealing from the poor people. Jean Pierre Bemba who is now facing war crimes in The Hague was a notorious warlord whose activities have not escaped the international criminal court (ICC). Another notorious warlord who is still operating with impunity is Laurent Nkunda. A visit to Walikale town in the east of the country explains in vivid terms why the people are so tragically poor. People have abandoned their farms and moved to the mines but whatever is made from the mining is taken away from them by the Congolese army and the ever present predators i.e. the armed groups. These armed groups force the people to mine the minerals without pay. Unable to farm and not paid for their toil, most of them have to credit food in order to survive. Everyday in Walikale about 16 aircraft fly out of the city with loads of minerals bound for Rwanda. These stolen minerals further find their way in the western mineral market in London and Switzerland. The proceeds are shared by the warlords in Congo, the Generals, politicians and the businessmen in Rwanda and the rest is used to acquire weapons that are used to terrorise the people and prolong the war. Please click the link below to watch a video of Congo.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Io8c81xHLmw
Recommendations and Conclusion
It is clear that several forces within and outside the continent have contributed to making the continent the poorest on earth. But there is no time to look back but a time to look forward and get our acts together, organise ourselves and start doing something. The progress that has been made by China, India, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia the Gulf countries including Bahrain, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates Saudi Arabia and Qatar over the last 30 to 50 years shows that poverty has got nothing to do with colour or race. Nations become poor because their leaders fail to formulate policies and programmes that address their problems.
To reverse the negative impact of centuries of slavery and colonialism on one hand and decades of coups, civil wars, corruption, mismanagement and foreign interventions on the other hand, the governments should focus their attention on reforming their democratic institutions and allow free and fair elections to be organised. They should do more to fight corruption and mismanagement, establish independent corruption watchdogs, strengthen the judiciary, and be accountable to the people.
They should curtail the power of the army and embark on concrete, sound and result driven policies and provide more incentives to discourage brain drain.
The governments should embark on building social and economic infrastructures – schools, hospitals, roads, rail lines, telecommunications, airports, harbours, markets, that will lay the foundation for economic and social development. They should establish research institutions to find out how best to use the various natural resources to benefit the people. As the saying goes ‘resources are not but they become’ that is to say you may have all the natural resources in the world but if you do not have the ability to convert them into useful commodities/ consumables to benefit the people they are nothing.
The AU should be more concerned about fighting poverty than just been a talking shop for corrupt, kleptocrats and dictators.
Lord Aikins Adusei
http://www.articlesbase.com/education-articles/is-poverty-a-black-thing-728359.html
Mandvi beach is the only privately owned beach in India, with the property extending right up to the waterline
Two-and-a-half kilometers of beach all to yourself. A waiter from the restaurant trudges across the sand, bearing provender. Long pool-chairs, under a thatch umbrella. The waves gambol in a few feet away. A fairly determined sort of breeze comes in from the west. A chap could get used to this.
It sits in the middle of the 450 acres of mildly domesticated jungle that make up the backyard of Vijay Vilas, the summer retreat of the former rulers of Mandvi. Seeing the tent resorts in touristy places, you will decide that tents made better sense to start up with, raters tan built-up structures, which require lots of paperwork.
There is accommodation for 10 pairs of guests at the moment, so it works out to a comfortable 200 metres of beach per couple at peak occupancy, a ratio that I have only seen in one beach in Goa and one other nearer home. (And no, I’m not telling you where either of them are.) Since it’s an eight-kilometer drive to Mandvi, which in turn is many miles away from the rest of the world, you’re not going to get Anjuna levels of madding crowd any time soon.
The camp consists 10 tents in a clearing, each sleeping two, a sand dune and a line of scrub and tress separating them from the beach and protecting them from the worst of the weather. Each one is set on its own concrete plinth, a little sit-out in the front, with a couple of dinky camel-leather deck chairs. Te styling is reminiscent of royal expedition tents of yore: scalloped edges, carved finials atop the tent poles, awning over the entrance. One looks around automatically for men on horseback returning from the shikaar or from a battle.
A quibble: considering the vast acreage available, they’re set rather too close to each other, with the support ropes of neighbouring tents overlapping. Given canvas walls, it might get noisy when the place is fully booked.
The tents are triple-layered, a candy striped inner tent, over that a thicker outer, and over it all, a waterproof roof. It keeps the rainout very well, and the lack of natural ventilation is more than compensated for with a high power air-conditioner.
Inside, a coir-carpeted floor, twin beds, bedside tables with a small storage space, carved wood chairs, and a writing table. The chairs are nice-looking; Lighting is a couple of lamps beside the beds. AT the back, behind the flap, is a largish titled, walled bathroom, its roof an extension of you tent. Electricity and water are on 24 hours.
Meals are delivered to your tent, or you can amble over to the thatched roof restaurant that looks out on to the beach. The restaurant claims to serve India, Continental and Chinese, and local specialties.
Overall, the place does itself a disservice with its branding: it calls itself a luxury beach camp, which raises expectations way too much. It is, no doubt, very comfortable, (ACs and proper plumbing in the tent, woohoo!) and gives fair value for your money, Dismiss the claim of luxury and take the place for what it is, and you have a pretty unique getaway.
The service is excellent-polite, attentive, and eager to cater to personal preferences, quick to acknowledge, and compensate for, shortcomings. And the location, the location.
Item: A waiter making the long walk from the restaurant with a tray of tea and toast, waving out to you as you wallow in the blood-warm tide pool you have discovered, waiting patiently for you to get back and get dry to offer to pour a cup for you. As along as the Mandvi Maharao and his family use their property as they have thus far, their little slice of paradise is likely to stay pristine.
THE INFORMATION
GETTING THERE
Bhuj, a title over 60km away, is the nearest airport and railhead. There is at least one flight in and out every day, mainly to Mumbai. Two trains connect with Mumbai and other parts of Gujarat. From Bhuj, you can take a local bus (roughly half-hour frequencies), to Mandvi, and ten take a taxi or a rickshaw to the Beach Camp. Or you cold haggle for a taxi, fares are extortionate, higher even that Goa, so you could wind up paying as high as $50 for the trip. Other possible connecting points: Gandhidham, 90km, Rajkot, 250, km: Ahmedabad, 450km.
THE CAMP
The tariffs at the 10 tents currently available at the camp are $150 per night for two people, with breakfast, lunch and dinner. Packages are also available. The standard package, which is for three days and two nights and includes all meals, costs $120 from Monday to Thursday. On weekends, public holidays and the Christmas/New Year week, the rate goes up to $150 for a couple.
WHAT TO SEE & DO
The Places is open for guided tours during the day. You can also take walks, or camel or horse rides, on the beach or within the woodland around the camp, effectively a private sanctuary, with plenty of birds-flamingo in the right season, partridge, peacocks- and if you’re lucky, nilgai, chinkara and jackals,
The management will make arrangements for you if you want to make day trips from the camp. The Lala Bustard Sanctuary is 74km north of the camp, where you can see the Indian Bustard, an endangered species, and the rare Lesser Florican. You may also see gazelles, foxes, jackals, wolves, and of course a wealth of bird life.
For the devout, the 72-jijalaya Jain complex at Badreshwar, the Jain temples at Naliya and Tera, the Hindu sore temple of Kotshwar and Narayan Sarovar, and the Lakpath Gurudwara are within striking distance. The Bhuj-Mandvi area is god for shopping for the exquisite Kutchi embroidered textiles and other handicrafts.
Mandvi is a big boat-building centre, and on your way in, you cross a creek where you can see massive wooden boats being built from the ground up.
WHEN TO GO
Gujarat gets some pretty extreme doses of the monsoon, so, while the place is breathtakingly beautiful and pleasant in the rains, you could wind up stranded if transport succumbs to the weather. And, though the water deepens very gradually, the current is strong, and the water, the choppy and brown, summer gets extreme too” over 40C in the day, peak season December to March, When the westerner come in search of sunbathing. The water is calm and blue then-so management says, and the photographs l’ve seen agree-and it’s cool. In fact nigh temperatures in December can go as low as 7C so take thick pajama.
Did you find this article useful? For more useful tips, hints, guide and points, to ponder pertaining to traveling, do please browse at our websites.
JASSI
http://www.articlesbase.com/cruising-articles/madvi-beachfor-travelers-727580.html
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Conciergerie deLuxe offers you unique services to satisfy your daily or seasonal demands at any moment.
Your domestic or international requests are fulfilled by hundreds of concierges.
Being member of Conciergerie deLuxe means that you enjoy the greatest value-added to solve any concern you may have from general errand services like dry-cleaning, household shopping, administrative runs, gift shopping, finding nannies or a personal shopper to local or international skill for your wealth management.
Our network lives thanks to institutions, governments, Fortune 500 companies and other key players in the worldwide luxury market and Hospitality business.
That’s why we always innovate to offer you new services.
At any moment, at any place, you may call us or using our mobile applications to book your event tickets for concerts, operas, your restaurant tables, to rent a car, a limousine, a yacht, a fine property, to get your Flight status and more!
Our Travel concierge may assist you to arrange an “a la carte” travel package and order your tickets, or arrange your luggage forward. You benefit from preferred rates, priority reservations in luxury hotels and 2,500 golf resorts offering the best quality golf tee times.
We have added more private services like Personal Private Chef at home, Make-up and individualized skin care at home even tailor-made design solutions of rings for wedding or any occasion of your choice.
You benefit from one dedicated number to reach your local personal concierge and you enjoy a local and nationwide support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
Conciergerie deLuxe serves also corporations, their employees and their clients.
We offer corporate concierge services and customer loyalty programs thanks to dedicated call centers.
New features are designed to help businesses desiring to optimize the productiveness of their employees by relieving them of their everyday hassles.
With competitively priced, clients, executives, managers, and others can take advantage of our services.
These benefits allow businesses to increase their productivity, to recognize valued clients, to obtain new clients, and to develop a loyal client base.
Advanced technology is used to guarantee the most professional service in the concierge industry.
The following are just a few of the corporate concierge services available:
- Incoming calls from clients
- Handling traditional service requests from clientele
- Repair service and resolution of urgent or house-related problems
- Handling client accounts
- Bill-pay and invoice service
- Recording and filling orders
- Assistance with errands (personal shopping)
- Special purchases
- Catalog orders of products and follow-up on orders
- Reward programs
- Travel services and reservations
- Ticket reservation for special events
- Meeting reminders (included free with our mobile service)
- Follow-up services for all orders, all solicited service
- Management, promotion of, and assistance with organization events
- Handling client requests and comments
- Car rental and client pick-up
- Roadside assistance
- Order and delivery of purchased articles
- Assistance with locating baby-sitters
- Appointments (with general physician or another…)
- Interior decorating.
We provide corporate concierge services and support everyday, including organization and event management, according to client needs.
Our strong professional relationship with so many businesses, their staff, and their clients allows us to make a notable impact in the finance industry, luxury and travel business, sports, and art, and many other industries as well.
The Conciergerie deLuxe team caters to you with, as described in its motto, “Services of Unequaled Quality.”
For more information, please see: http://www.conciergeriedeluxe.com
conciergeriedeluxe.com
http://www.articlesbase.com/article-marketing-articles/new-york-concierge-doing-what-you-do-best-and-let-someone-else-to-do-the-rest-691884.html
If you don’t have much to start with you probably want to make money fast and this great online business gives you $100,000 or every $500 dollars you have and is easy to learn as well…
The business is buying and selling currencies online and if you have never considered this business, you should, because it gives you all the following advantages.
We will show you how to learn it in a moment but let’s look at the potential.
- You can learn this business in a few weeks no college education required
- You can run it in around 30 minutes a day
- You can take breaks whenever you wish
- There is never a recession and it’s the perfect business to beat the credit crunch
- You don’t have to sell any product or service or have any workers
- You only need your PC, an internet connection and a few hundred dollars
- Big profit opportunities appear each and every day
- Every 500 dollars you put down means you can invest up to $100,000
That’s a lot of advantages and the one that helps you build wealth is the awesome leverage you get as standard; as soon as you fund your account, the extra money is yours.
How to Become a Currency Trader
Now you need to learn how to trade and this is simple – if you can spot repetitive price patterns on a graph you can trade them for profit. Currencies trend up or down and by spotting the high odds patterns you can lock into and hold them for profit.
Chart patterns repeat because human nature is constant and they decide the price of any currency and their psychology shows up in chart patterns.
You can learn this skill in just a few weeks and soon be spotting and trading them in around 30 minutes a day.
The Challenge
While trading is easy to learn, you must understand that to win you must learn to lose and keep losses small. Money management is the key to making money with leverage.
You must have discipline and accept your losses cheerfully and take them but one good trend with leverage on your side will see you pile up huge gains.
I know traders who lose 70% of their trades yet still make triple digit profits, because they run their profits and keep their losses small. So if you have the discipline to do this, you can make big gains too.
The Perfect Business to Beat the Credit Crunch
Let’s face it, the outlook for the New Year in terms of the economy is not great, so switch to a business to top up your existing income or create a new one, in the world’s largest and most exciting business.
Learn this business, then leverage your way to huge gains in around 30 minutes a day and change your financial future forever.
Kelly Price
http://www.articlesbase.com/home-business-articles/make-money-fast-leverage-your-way-to-huge-profits-in-the-worlds-best-business-683206.html
If you don’t have much to start with you probably want to make money fast and this great online business gives you $100,000 or every $500 dollars you have and is easy to learn as well…
The business is buying and selling currencies online and if you have never considered this business, you should, because it gives you all the following advantages.
We will show you how to learn it in a moment but let’s look at the potential.
- You can learn this business in a few weeks no college education required
- You can run it in around 30 minutes a day
- You can take breaks whenever you wish
- There is never a recession and it’s the perfect business to beat the credit crunch
- You don’t have to sell any product or service or have any workers
- You only need your PC, an internet connection and a few hundred dollars
- Big profit opportunities appear each and every day
- Every 500 dollars you put down means you can invest up to $100,000
That’s a lot of advantages and the one that helps you build wealth is the awesome leverage you get as standard; as soon as you fund your account, the extra money is yours.
How to Become a Currency Trader
Now you need to learn how to trade and this is simple – if you can spot repetitive price patterns on a graph you can trade them for profit. Currencies trend up or down and by spotting the high odds patterns you can lock into and hold them for profit.
Chart patterns repeat because human nature is constant and they decide the price of any currency and their psychology shows up in chart patterns.
You can learn this skill in just a few weeks and soon be spotting and trading them in around 30 minutes a day.
The Challenge
While trading is easy to learn, you must understand that to win you must learn to lose and keep losses small. Money management is the key to making money with leverage.
You must have discipline and accept your losses cheerfully and take them but one good trend with leverage on your side will see you pile up huge gains.
I know traders who lose 70% of their trades yet still make triple digit profits, because they run their profits and keep their losses small. So if you have the discipline to do this, you can make big gains too.
The Perfect Business to Beat the Credit Crunch
Let’s face it, the outlook for the New Year in terms of the economy is not great, so switch to a business to top up your existing income or create a new one, in the world’s largest and most exciting business.
Learn this business, then leverage your way to huge gains in around 30 minutes a day and change your financial future forever.
Kelly Price
http://www.articlesbase.com/home-business-articles/make-money-fast-leverage-your-way-to-huge-profits-in-the-worlds-best-business-683206.html
The custom installation sector is heavily dependent upon the construction sector, with most of the contracts revolving around new builds and the redevelopment of recently purchased homes. The “Credit Crunch” has brought forward the fateful decline of the custom installation sector during this financial downtrend. Finite Solutions (CEDIA awarded, UK’s best Custom Installer 2008) knew they had to do something to fight the UK recession.
Marketing director, Fraser Stride had always ensured that www.finitesolutions.co.uk was well optimised, complemented by a regular Google PPC (Pay Per Click) campaign. Due to the credit crunch, the sites traffic was on the decrease, despite maintaining strong positions in Google. Fraser knew it was time to bring in a SEO consultant to counter this downturn in their potential clients search volume.
Fraser chose www.morganicseo.com from the respective competition, due to their attention to detail in conducting the required research, and selecting the appropriate technique, to create a successful strategy. Morganic SEO is under UK management, but located in Hyderabad, India, allowing www.finitesolutions.co.uk to undergo an successful SEO campaign, while keeping within a realistic budget.
The SEO Brief
With the website being recently redesigned by Morganic SEO’s sister <web development company Purple Skies>; it was the perfect chance to create a new efficient and effective SEO campaign. The campaign objectives were simple…
1. Maintain top positions for the most popular and relevant keywords for their sector.
2. Optimize every page in detail to ensure high relevancy of content, for long tail keywords.
3. Increase brand awareness with on line marketing and press releases of their latest projects and activity, furthering the integrity and reputation of their services.
4. Increase optimization for the brands and areas that Finite Solutions work with and in.
5. Lower their Pay Per Click (PPC) campaign expenditure.
The SEO Strategy
Performing thorough keyword research and comprehensive competition analysis, Morganic SEO were able to come up with a strategy optimising for a wealth of strong keywords. After implementing these accurate and comprehensive on-site SEO changes, they then extemporized selected Off-site SEO techniques opted to complement the foundation built by the recently optimised site.
To promote the most recent projects and activities of Finite Solutions, such as winning 3 prestigious 2008 CEDIA awards, Morganic SEO performed article submissions with additional SEO techniques to ensure a wide audience.
The Results
No.1 Google positions for the most popular and relevant keywords to Finite Solutions’ sector.
The attention to detail of optimization on the individual pages generated high levels of traffic from the less predictable, but more frequent long tail keywords.
With repeated press releases from Finite Solutions, they were able to provide a variety of articles on appropriate article sites, ensuring their activity was known far and wide. This not only increased awareness of Finite Solutions’ services, but these articles reassured prospective clients of their experience and knowledge, finally resulting in an increase in conversion ratio and secured projects.
Fraser said “Thanks to Morganic SEO’s online marketing strategy and campaign, we are getting more traffic to our website than ever before, providing a record number of brochure requests and valuable leads. We have now eliminated our PPC expenditure, in effect paying for Morganic SEO’s services.”
ravi
http://www.articlesbase.com/business-articles/finite-solutions-knocks-downturn-upsidedown-with-seo-704526.html
API Limousine of Sacramento, California has hit a home run with their addition of a new Chief Financial Officer and Director of Sales and Marketing. The company has recently hired David Kinney, MS, CFP, CHFC as their new CFO. “We are very excited to have someone as talented as Dave Kinney on our management team,” states John Costan, CEO of API. “Dave brings a wealth of knowledge in small business finance, tax experience, and marketing expertise to our company. We are very enthusiastic about the growth potential that we hope to see.”
Kinney’s addition is having a huge impact on the company. In the short time that he has been on board, API has experienced a one hundred percent increase in their volume and revenues despite an incredibly difficult economic environment. Kinney attributes this success to building strategic relationships. “We have devoted a significant amount of effort to developing strategic partnerships with whom we share a common demographic,” Kinney says.
For the month of December, Kinney initiated two marketing programs focusing on Christmas light tours and Holiday office parties. Kinney’s December slogan, “even Santa needs a lift once in a while,” helped rocket December sales for API to their highest levels ever for the company. Due to increased demand, API Limousine has added five more vehicles to it’s ever expanding fleet, which should allow the company to continue on its current growth path.
With strategic relationships that include night clubs, radio stations, tanning salons, and more, it appears that API is going to continue to show significant growth throughout 2009. Kinney states, “We will continue to strive to deliver on our motto, You Deserve…The Ultimate Experience.” To learn more about API Limousine, call 916.719.1236 or visit their website at www.APILIMOS.com.
API Limousine
http://www.articlesbase.com/small-business-articles/api-limousine-adds-new-cfo-and-director-of-sales-and-marketing-707527.html
Cardiovascular care in America is spiraling out of control. We are now spending more than one hundred billion dollars a year for treatment and management of cardiovascular catastrophes (heart attack, stroke and diseases of the vascular system). This extraordinary amount of money is spent on victims of a disease that is largely preventable.
In The Great American Heart Hoax I have outlined the problems of cardiovascular care in America that is draining our healthcare dollars and contributing to our financial collapse. In addition, I point out key areas of wasteful spending on expensive and risky diagnostic studies as well as procedures that are of no benefit to the millions of Americans who fall prey to the cardiovascular intervention industry. What may surprise you is what you believed to be the ultimate of cardiac care in this country is often unnecessary and dangerous.
Examples of inappropriate cardiovascular care are summarized below:
- Coronary angioplasty and stent insertion: While coronary angioplasty (the opening up of a blocked artery with a catheter device) and stent placement can be indicated and potentially lifesaving in acute coronary syndromes such as heart attacks, utilizing this technology in stable patients who have coronary blockages is inappropriate and has never been shown to reduce the risk of future heart attack or prolong life as compared to more conservative therapy (lifestyle changes and medications as indicated). Indeed balloon angioplasty and stent placement can often lead to an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared to an intensive prevention approach. Despite this well-researched fact the cardiovascular intervention industry continues like a freight-train out of control. This year over one million stents will be inserted in patients across America and many of these procedures are clearly not indicated.
- Heart bypass surgery (also called coronary artery bypass graft surgery): like catheter-based intervention, heart bypass surgery is clearly indicated in select unstable patients, however bypass surgery is over-utilized in the majority of patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. Major clinical trials have failed to show a benefit in clinical outcome in the vast majority of stable patients treated with bypass surgery.
- CT-Scans: While CT scans are often necessary in unstable patients in the emergency room as a diagnostic modality, the proliferation of this technology to screen Americans for coronary artery disease is inappropriate and leads to a depletion of our valuable health care dollars. There is no evidence that subjecting yourself to a CT scan will lower your risk of having a heart attack or prolong your life. Most disturbing is the fact that these procedures subject unsuspecting men and women to excessive radiation exposure which stays with them for a lifetime and increases their risk of cancer. At the end of the day ask yourself the following question: do I need to pay a large sum of money and be bombarded with a significant dose of radiation just to be told to do what I should be doing anyway? Follow a healthy-lifestyle with optimal nutrition, regular exercise, stress management and smoking cessation.
- Stress-nuclear studies: As with CT scans, stress nuclear studies are expensive and lead to significant amounts of radiation exposure via intravenous radioisotopes. These tests should be avoided in the stable population. If a stress test is recommended with imaging why not choose a stress-echo study which is less expensive than a stress-nuclear study and utilizes harmless sound waves to provide similar information?
- Cardiac catheterization: Another expensive diagnostic tool that carries a multitude of significant risks. These risks are justified in unstable patients however this procedure should not be performed indiscriminately on stable individuals.
The Solution
There is a better road we can walk down that will provide us with a lifetime of heart health. This road is called progress road and it costs a fraction of the journey down the dead-end road, with excessive interventions and diagnostic studies that don’t improve clinical outcome. Progress road is truly the biggest bang for the buck!
Progress road utilizes clinically proven prevention rather than needless intervention to keep us healthy and lowers our health care costs that cripple the financial health of America thereby impeding our ability to compete in a global economy.
It consists of:
- A heart- healthy Mediterranean-style diet.
- Regular exercise: 30 minutes of walking should be considered a daily routine.
- Stress management: Simple techniques such as yoga, breathing exercise or relaxation response training can serve to lower our blood pressure and pulse and protect us from vascular insults such as heart attacks and strokes.
- Control cholesterol: Following a Mediterranean-style diet will significantly lower cholesterol levels in the majority of Americans. Judicious use of medications such as generic statins could also be utilized if required.
- Blood pressure control: Blood pressure can be managed with lifestyle changes (Mediterranean diet, exercise, smoking cessation and stress management). Blood pressure medication should be used in select patients if lifestyle changes do not achieve goal.
- Avoid metabolic syndrome and diabetes: again diet and exercise are key to prevent or reverse these conditions.
- Achieve ideal body weight.
- Lower inflammation and oxidative stress: a Mediterranean diet, regular exercise, weight control, avoiding pollution and pesticides, good oral hygiene (daily flossing) all serve to lower inflammation and free radical induced oxidative stress that leads to cardiovascular disease.
- Have a routine physical exam with comprehensive blood work: an ongoing relationship with your personal treating physician to discuss prevention strategies is key. Get the proper screening blood studies to uncover hidden risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Avoid unnecessary procedures that increase the cost of medical care and do not lead to improved clinical outcomes.
At this critical juncture, we have to decide what is best for the health and wealth of the citizens of this country. Will it be business as usual with indiscriminate utilization of diagnostic and interventional procedures that cost billions and don’t improve the overall health of Americans or do we want a health care system that is affordable and delivers preventive care that gives us the biggest bang for our buck? I think the answer is clear. The Great American Heart Hoax chronicles all that is wrong with our current health care system for cardiovascular treatment and it also delivers a concise, practical and clinically proven 10- step approach that can lead us to the promise land of affordable health care, fewer heart attacks and strokes and freedom from a misguided cardiovascular intervention industry that is sabotaging our financial and medical well-being.
Copyright © 2009 Michael Ozner, M.D., author of The Great American Heart Hoax: Lifesaving Advice Your Doctor Should Tell You About Heart Disease Prevention (But Probably Never Will)
Author Bio
Michael Ozner, MD, FACC, FAHA, author of The Great American Heart Hoax: Lifesaving Advice Your Doctor Should Tell You About Heart Disease Prevention (But Probably Never Will), is one of America’s leading advocates for heart disease prevention. Dr. Ozner is a board-certified cardiologist, a Fellow of the American College of Cardiology and of the American Heart Association, medical director of Wellness & Prevention at Baptist Health South Florida and a well-known regional and national speaker in the field of preventive cardiology. He is the medical director of the Cardiovascular Prevention Institute of South Florida and symposium director for “Cardiovascular Disease Prevention,” an annual international meeting highlighting advances in preventive cardiology. He was the recipient of the 2008 American Heart Association Humanitarian Award. Dr. Ozner is also the author of the BenBella Books title The Miami Mediterranean Diet.
Michael Ozner, Md, Facc, Faha
http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/the-great-american-heart-hoax-economic-and-political-implications-738679.html
If you are just beginning your Forex trading adventure, then this humorous look at trading is for you. I want to be certain you are informed of these trading best-practices so that profit and success does not accidentally fall your way. After all, money is the root of all evil, so I’m sure you’ll want to avoid that trap at all costs.
What follows is a list of things that you should avoid if your wish is to follow the foolish traders before you who lost it all.
Who Needs A Plan
First and formeost, it is very important that you make absolutely sure you do not have a sensible trading system. Having a well-developed plan could easily lead you down the path to accumulating wealth, which I know is not your intention. If you possessed a system you would have a clear-cut way to open and close profitable deals. Traders who use such systems have an objective way to analyze a deal and evaluate its risks and benefits. So don’t take an objective look at any opportunity in Forex and you will be spared any huge monetary gains.
In the case that some well-meaning person has already helped you create a trading system, by all means, do not ever follow it!
Take Risks – Caution Is For Wimps
Risk all the money you have on any deal, live carelessly because life is short and you want to have as much fun as possible. Remember; NEVER have a sensible trading system and ALWAYS open and close deals at the drop of a hat without analyzing the risk or profitability.
Never trade in a disciplined, planned, and logical manner. Remember your goal is to avoid riches. You might gain exponential profits from this so-called logical system and, even worse, you could develop the knowledge and experience necessary to master the Forex market.
Training? We Don’t Need No Stinking Training!
Do not ever take a Forex training program and never, ever look at historical charts of previous deals and successes.
Stay uninformed. Ignorance is bliss and will lead to a happy, contented life. Most wealthy traders are very well educated, so steer clear of their methods and advice. Do not learn about the economic status or political stability of a country whose currency you are considering investing in. Education is a dangerous commodity for someone devoted to poverty. To ensure failure at Forex trading, be undisciplined, uneducated, and unaware.
Mismanaging Your Money Matters
As far as money management techniques go, they have an underlying insipid purpose. Please don’t be fooled into thinking a money management program is a benefit to you. It will cause you to avoid irresponsible, bankrupting risks and foolish, impetuous decisions. Money management actually helps boost your profits incredibly. Those techniques can cause you to make ten or twenty lucrative deals in a short span of time and greatly increase your Forex trading account. Stay far away from any tried and true money management program. This is in your best interests of failure, of course.
Distractions? What distrac… Hey Look A Squirrell!
Need I point out to ignore any psychological preparation for Forex trading. Cling tenaciously to fear and anxiety. Successful traders learn to harness these emotions so they are not prevented from taking action on a deal at the optimal time for the greatest gain. So, let fear be your master and never try to override it and act logically.
Experienced traders realize that everyone loses a deal now and then, and they remain focused on their overall history of gain and loss. Forget this: lose, lose, lose and never deal effectually with anxiety or learn to overcome fear. It’s the only way to trade unsuccessfully.
Forex requires using a risk-reward (RR) ratio in analyzing deals. I counsel you to never operate with a RR ratio of more than 1-1. If you use a RR ratio of 1-2, you are willing to make twice the amount of profit as compared to your initial investment. Don’t even consider a RR ratio of 1-3. Many successful traders gain the experience to wisely assess a risk and discern when a 1-3 RR ratio is to their financial advantage. Remember your goals. Do not ever use a RR of more than 1-1. Your Forex account might grow quickly. Huge monetary gains are your enemy, right?
If you are diligent to apply all my advice you can be guaranteed no profit whatsoever in Forex trading. Foreign currency trading is a lucrative, growing marketplace with financial opportunities for educated, disciplined traders who set up a well-planned system of opening and closing deals and then stick to their system. They make money in Forex, so always avoid their mistakes and you too might avoid the consistent financial benefits of Forex trading.
Ferris Malone
http://www.articlesbase.com/finance-articles/a-fun-look-at-forex-trading-success-688458.html